They have many exercises to fill in the missing words available to learn from. ‘One may ask whether…’ (‘ One’ is a formal version of ‘You’ in general) Use Passive constructions Passive construction help to make your writing less personal They can learn English effectively… English can be learnt effectively… They analysed the data and they discovered The data was analysed… Use Gerunds (ing forms) Present participle or gerunds help to create more complex forms They have to speak English Speaking English is necessary If we understand the reasons behind… Understanding the rationale indicates… Noun phrases Long noun subjects or objects are common in academic writing We analysed the data and we found evidence….
‘It is impossible to…’ Use ‘ One’ as a subject e.g. ‘There is a serious risk of…’ Use ‘It’ as a subject e.g. No Personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, you, they) Try to avoid personal forms Use ‘There‘ as a subject e.g.
Some adjectives are seen as informal Hard: alternative more formal synonyms: difficult, complicated, harsh, complicated, intolerable, unpleasant, undeniable.Įasy: alternative more formal synonyms: effortless, elementary, manageable, simple, uncomplicatedīig: alternative more formal synonyms: considerable, extensive, immense, substantial, tremendous Idioms These are often seen as informal and personal (every coin has two sides… / on the other hand…) Metaphors: (a rocky road ahead… / the bottom line…) Contractions (it’ll, there’s) All contracted forms need to be in full forms E.g: it’ll, it will / it’s, it is / there’s, there is please note – can’t, cannot (one word, not two)
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